Satish Pillai, PhD

Professor

Despite nearly three decades of focused research since the discovery of HIV-1, to date there is no cure or effective prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Although the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection, there is a pronounced demand for alternative clinical management strategies due to frequent evolution of antiretroviral resistance, toxicity, and access constraints in resource-limited settings. My research is focused on identifying and characterizing novel host factors that act against HIV-1, by investigating the molecular determinants underlying the anti-HIV-1 activity of the antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha (IFN-a) in vivo. These host factors may serve as the foundations of future prophylactic, therapeutic and eradication strategies for HIV-1 infection.

Induction of IFN-a expression is a critical first step in the defense against a range of viral infections. The antiretroviral activity of the IFN-a cytokine was demonstrated in vitro almost immediately after the discovery of HIV-1, and includes inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcription, viral assembly and virion release. Several clinical studies including our own report that IFN-a treatment acts against HIV-1 in vivo, and potently suppresses HIV-1 viremia in chronically-infected individuals. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying this suppressive activity in vivo, however, remain to be elucidated.

My laboratory uses a systems biology approach to decipher the antiretroviral effects of IFN-a in vivo, by studying host gene expression, viral production and viral evolution in HIV-1-infected individuals undergoing IFN-a therapy. Recent data generated by our group strongly suggest that IFN-a suppresses HIV-1 replication in chronically infected individuals by inducing intrinsic cellular inhibitors of retroviral replication known as host restriction factors. One of these factors, the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3, blocks HIV-1 infection by hypermutating the viral genome so it no longer encodes functional proteins that are necessary for viral replication. Another factor, the type 2 integral membrane protein BST-2/tetherin, blocks HIV-1 infection by restricting the release of fully formed progeny virions from infected cells. Our data warrant investigation into therapeutic strategies that specifically enhance the expression of these intrinsic immune factors in HIV-1-infected individuals. For a concise explanation of my latest research and its implications, please visit this new UCSF press release:

http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2012/02/11598/fighting-infections-old-drug-reveals-new-tricks

In addition to the my principal research projects involving IFN-a and host restriction factors, I participate as a bioinformaticist and phylogeneticist in a number of HIV/AIDS collaborations with researchers at the San Francisco VA Medical Center (SFVAMC), San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) and the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (GIVI).
Websites
Publications

  1. Bouzidi MS, Dossani ZY, Benedetto CD, Raymond KA, Desai S, Chavez LR, Betancur P, Pillai SK. High-resolution Inference of Multiplexed Anti-HIV Gene Editing using Single-Cell Targeted DNA Sequencing. 2024. PMID: 38328062


  2. Selvarajah S, Lingappa AF, Michon M, Du L, Deiter F, Yu SF, Macieik A, Mallesh S, Appaiah U, Crabtree J, Copeland K, Müller-Schiffmann A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Broce S, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Korth C, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. From COVID-19 to the Common Cold: Novel Host-Targeted, Pan-Respiratory Antiviral Small Molecule Therapeutics. 2021. PMID: 34931190


  3. Sperber HS, Raymond KA, Bouzidi MS, Ma T, Valdebenito S, Eugenin EA, Roan NR, Deeks SG, Winning S, Fandrey J, Schwarzer R, Pillai SK. The hypoxia-regulated ectonucleotidase CD73 is a host determinant of HIV latency. 2023. PMID: 37910505


  4. Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani ZY, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells. 2023. PMID: 37127426


  5. De Rop FV, Hulselmans G, Flerin C, Soler-Vila P, Rafels A, Christiaens V, González-Blas CB, Marchese D, Caratù G, Poovathingal S, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Slyper M, Luo W, Muus C, Duarte F, Shrestha R, Bagdatli ST, Corces MR, Mamanova L, Knights A, Meyer KB, Mulqueen R, Taherinasab A, Maschmeyer P, Pezoldt J, Lambert CLG, Iglesias M, Najle SR, Dossani ZY, Martelotto LG, Burkett Z, Lebofsky R, Martin-Subero JI, Pillai S, Sebé-Pedrós A, Deplancke B, Teichmann SA, Ludwig LS, Braun TP, Adey AC, Greenleaf WJ, Buenrostro JD, Regev A, Aerts S, Heyn H. Systematic benchmarking of single-cell ATAC-sequencing protocols. 2023. PMID: 37537502


  7. Pillai S, Du L, Deiter F, Bouzidi M, Billaud JN, Graham S, Prerna D, Selvarajah S, Lingappa A, Michon M, Yu S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa V, Boushey H, Greenland J. A Novel Viral Assembly Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Airway Epithelial Cells. 2023. PMID: 37292622


  8. Siegel DA, Thanh C, Wan E, Hoh R, Hobbs K, Pan T, Gibson EA, Kroetz DL, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Martin M, Carrington M, Pillai S, Busch MP, Stone M, Levy CN, Huang ML, Roychoudhury P, Hladik F, Jerome KR, Kiem HP, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Host variation in type I interferon signaling genes (MX1), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 gene, and major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in treated HIV+ noncontrollers predict viral reservoir size. 2022. PMID: 36695358


  9. Yeung ST, Premeaux TA, Du L, Niki T, Pillai SK, Khanna KM, Ndhlovu LC. Galectin-9 protects humanized-ACE2 immunocompetent mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection. 2022. PMID: 36325323


  10. Khanna K, Raymond W, Jin J, Charbit AR, Gitlin I, Tang M, Werts AD, Barrett EG, Cox JM, Birch SM, Martinelli R, Sperber HS, Franz S, Duff T, Hoffmann M, Healy AM, Oscarson S, Pöhlmann S, Pillai SK, Simmons G, Fahy JV. Exploring antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of thiol drugs in COVID-19. 2022. PMID: 35762590


  11. Du L, Bouzidi MS, Gala A, Deiter F, Billaud JN, Yeung ST, Dabral P, Jin J, Simmons G, Dossani Z, Niki T, Ndhlovu LC, Greenland JR, Pillai SK. Human Galectin-9 Potently Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells. 2022. PMID: 35378763


  12. Stephen T Yeung, Thomas A Premeaux, Toshiro Niki, Satish K Pillai, Kamal M Khanna, Lishomwa C Ndhlovu. Galectin-9 protects humanized-ACE2 immunocompetent mice from SARS-CoV-2 Infection. 2022. PMID:


  13. Bhattacharyya A, Boostanpour K, Bouzidi M, Magee L, Chen TY, Wolters R, Torre P, Pillai SK, Bhattacharya M. IL10 trains macrophage pro-fibrotic function after lung injury. 2022. PMID: 35107021


  14. Khanna K, Raymond W, Charbit AR, Jin J, Gitlin I, Tang M, Sperber HS, Franz S, Pillai S, Simmons G, Fahy JV. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 is disabled by thiol-based drugs; evidence from in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection studies. 2020. PMID: 33330868


  15. Hiatt J, Cavero DA, McGregor MJ, Zheng W, Budzik JM, Roth TL, Haas KM, Wu D, Rathore U, Meyer-Franke A, Bouzidi MS, Shifrut E, Lee Y, Kumar VE, Dang EV, Gordon DE, Wojcechowskyj JA, Hultquist JF, Fontaine KA, Pillai SK, Cox JS, Ernst JD, Krogan NJ, Marson A. Efficient generation of isogenic primary human myeloid cells using CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. 2021. PMID: 33979618


  16. Egedal JH, Xie G, Packard TA, Laustsen A, Neidleman J, Georgiou K, Pillai SK, Greene WC, Jakobsen MR, Roan NR. Hyaluronic acid is a negative regulator of mucosal fibroblast-mediated enhancement of HIV infection. 2021. PMID: 33976386


  17. Rutishauser RL, Deguit CDT, Hiatt J, Blaeschke F, Roth TL, Wang L, Raymond KA, Starke CE, Mudd JC, Chen W, Smullin CP, Matus-Nicodemos R, Hoh R, Krone MR, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Koup RA, Douek DC, Brenchley JM, Sékaly RP, Pillai SK, Marson A, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW. TCF-1 regulates HIV-specific CD8+ T cell expansion capacity. 2020. PMID: 33351785


  18. Gramatica A, Schwarzer R, Brantley W, Varco-Merth B, Sperber HS, Hull PA, Montano M, Migueles SA, Rosenthal D, Hogan LE, Johnson JR, Packard TA, Grimmett ZW, Herzig E, Besnard E, Nekorchuk M, Hsiao F, Deeks SG, Snape M, Kiernan B, Roan NR, Lifson JD, Estes JD, Picker LJ, Verdin E, Krogan NJ, Henrich TJ, Connors M, Ott M, Pillai SK, Okoye AA, Greene WC. Evaluating a New Class of AKT/mTOR Activators for HIV Latency Reversing Activity Ex Vivo and In Vivo. 2021. PMID: 33536176


  19. Ng DL, Goldgof GM, Shy BR, Levine AG, Balcerek J, Bapat SP, Prostko J, Rodgers M, Coller K, Pearce S, Franz S, Du L, Stone M, Pillai SK, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Martin CSS, Granados A, Glasner DR, Han LM, Truong K, Akagi N, Nguyen DN, Neumann NM, Qazi D, Hsu E, Gu W, Santos YA, Custer B, Green V, Williamson P, Hills NK, Lu CM, Whitman JD, Stramer SL, Wang C, Reyes K, Hakim JMC, Sujishi K, Alazzeh F, Pham L, Thornborrow E, Oon CY, Miller S, Kurtz T, Simmons G, Hackett J, Busch MP, Chiu CY. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood. 2020. PMID: 32943630


  20. Sperber HS, Togarrati PP, Raymond KA, Bouzidi MS, Gilfanova R, Gutierrez AG, Muench MO, Pillai SK. µ-Lat: A mouse model to evaluate human immunodeficiency virus eradication strategies. 2020. PMID: 32901981


  21. Marques de Menezes EG, Jang K, George AF, Nyegaard M, Neidleman J, Inglis HC, Danesh A, Deng X, Afshari A, Kim YH, Billaud JN, Marson K, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Norris PJ, Roan NR. Seminal plasma-derived extracellular vesicle fractions from HIV-infected men exhibit unique miRNA signatures and induce a pro-inflammatory response in cells isolated from the female reproductive tract. 2020. PMID: 32434889


  22. Vallejo-Gracia A, Chen IP, Perrone R, Besnard E, Boehm D, Battivelli E, Tezil T, Krey K, Raymond KA, Hull PA, Walter M, Habrylo I, Cruz A, Deeks S, Pillai S, Verdin E, Ott M. FOXO1 promotes HIV latency by suppressing ER stress in T cells. 2020. PMID: 32541947


  23. Ng D, Goldgof G, Shy B, Levine A, Balcerek J, Bapat SP, Prostko J, Rodgers M, Coller K, Pearce S, Franz S, Du L, Stone M, Pillai S, Sotomayor-Gonzalez A, Servellita V, Sanchez-San Martin C, Granados A, Glasner DR, Han LM, Truong K, Akagi N, Nguyen DN, Neumann N, Qazi D, Hsu E, Gu W, Santos YA, Custer B, Green V, Williamson P, Hills NK, Lu CM, Whitman JD, Stramer S, Wang C, Reyes K, Hakim J, Sujishi K, Alazzeh F, Pharm L, Oon CY, Miller S, Kurtz T, Hackett J, Simmons G, Busch MP, Chiu CY. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood from the San Francisco Bay Area. 2020. PMID: 32511477


  25. H. Sperber, P.P. Togarrati, K. Raymond, M.S. Bouzidi, R. Gilfanova, M.O. Muench, S.K. Pillai. PP 2.6 µ-Lat: a high-throughput humanised mouse model of latent HIV infection. 2019. PMID:


  27. Premeaux TA, D'Antoni ML, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Kallianpur KJ, Nakamoto BK, Agsalda-Garcia M, Shiramizu B, Shikuma CM, Gisslén M, Price RW, Valcour V, Ndhlovu LC. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid Galectin-9 is associated with central nervous system immune activation and poor cognitive performance in older HIV-infected individuals. 2018. PMID: 30478799


  28. Laustsen A, Bak RO, Krapp C, Kjær L, Egedahl JH, Petersen CC, Pillai S, Tang HQ, Uldbjerg N, Porteus M, Roan NR, Nyegaard M, Denton PW, Jakobsen MR. Interferon priming is essential for human CD34+ cell-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cell maturation and function. 2018. PMID: 30166549


  29. Danesh A, Inglis HC, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Adelman A, Schechtman KB, Heitman JW, Vilardi R, Shah A, Keating SM, Cohen MJ, Jacobs ES, Pillai SK, Lacroix J, Spinella PC, Norris PJ. Granulocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Monocytes and Are Associated With Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients. 2018. PMID: 29867942


  30. Battivelli E, Dahabieh MS, Abdel-Mohsen M, Svensson JP, Tojal Da Silva I, Cohn LB, Gramatica A, Deeks S, Greene WC, Pillai SK, Verdin E. Distinct chromatin functional states correlate with HIV latency reactivation in infected primary CD4+ T Cells. 2018. PMID: 29714165


  31. Philip Norris, Heather C. Inglis, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Xutao Deng, Avril Adelman, Kenneth B. Schechtman, Sheila Marie Keating, Mitchell J. Cohen, Evan S. Jacobs, Satish Pillai, Jacques Lacroix, Philip C. Spinella, Ali Danesh. Granulocyte-derived extracellular vesicles activate monocytes and are associated with mortality in ICU patients. 2018. PMID:


  32. Emilie Battivelli, Matthew S. Dahabieh, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, J. Peter Svensson, Israel Tojal Da Silva, Lilian B. Cohn, Andrea Gramatica, Steven Deeks, Warner Greene, Satish K. Pillai, Eric Verdin. D-106 Chromatin Functional States Correlate with the Reversal of Latently HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T cells. 2018. PMID:


  33. Bangirana P, Ruel TD, Boivin MJ, Pillai SK, Giron LB, Sikorskii A, Banik A, Achan J. Absence of neurocognitive disadvantage associated with paediatric HIV subtype A infection in children on antiretroviral therapy. Volume 20 of Issue 2. 2017. PMID: 29052340


  34. Krarup AR, Abdel-Mohsen M, Schleimann MH, Vibholm L, Engen PA, Dige A, Wittig B, Schmidt M, Green SJ, Naqib A, Keshavarzian A, Deng X, Olesen R, Petersen AM, Benfield T, Østergaard L, Rasmussen TA, Agnholt J, Nyengaard JR, Landay A, Søgaard OS, Pillai SK, Tolstrup M, Denton PW. The TLR9 agonist MGN1703 triggers a potent type I interferon response in the sigmoid colon. Volume 11 of Issue 2. 2017. PMID: 28766555


  35. Keating SM, Pilcher CD, Jain V, Lebedeva M, Hampton D, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Murphy G, Welte A, Facente SN, Hecht F, Deeks SG, Pillai SK, Busch MP. HIV Antibody Level as a Marker of HIV Persistence and Low-Level Viral Replication. Volume 216 of Issue 1. 2017. PMID: 28498985


  36. I. Munoz-Arias, E. Hanhauser, L. Hogan, M.A. Mohsen, Kristen Hobbs, C. Thanh, E. Gibson, S.G. Deeks, S.K. Pillai, T.J. Henrich. OA2-3 Small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs reactivate HIV-1 via non-canonical pathways and modulate CD8 T cell response. 2017. PMID:


  37. Vibholm L, Schleimann MH, Højen JF, Benfield T, Offersen R, Rasmussen K, Olesen R, Dige A, Agnholt J, Grau J, Buzon M, Wittig B, Lichterfeld M, Petersen AM, Deng X, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Rutsaert S, Trypsteen W, De Spiegelaere W, Vandekerchove L, Østergaard L, Rasmussen TA, Denton PW, Tolstrup M, Søgaard OS. Short-Course Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Treatment Impacts Innate Immunity and Plasma Viremia in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Volume 64 of Issue 12. 2017. PMID: 28329286


  38. Togarrati PP, Sasaki RT, Abdel-Mohsen M, Dinglasan N, Deng X, Desai S, Emmerson E, Yee E, Ryan WR, da Silva MCP, Knox SM, Pillai SK, Muench MO. Identification and characterization of a rich population of CD34+ mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in human parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. Volume 7 of Issue 1. 2017. PMID: 28615711


  39. Pillai SK, Deeks SG. Signature of the Sleeper Cell: A Biomarker of HIV Latency Revealed. Volume 38 of Issue 7. 2017. PMID: 28511815


  41. Jacobs ES, Keating SM, Abdel-Mohsen M, Gibb SL, Heitman JW, Inglis HC, Martin JN, Zhang J, Kaidarova Z, Deng X, Wu S, Anastos K, Crystal H, Villacres MC, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Landay AL, Gange SJ, Deeks SG, Golub ET, Pillai SK, Norris PJ. Cytokines Elevated in HIV Elite Controllers Reduce HIV Replication In Vitro and Modulate HIV Restriction Factor Expression. Volume 91 of Issue 6. 2017. PMID: 28053103


  42. Abdel-Mohsen M, Chavez L, Tandon R, Chew GM, Deng X, Danesh A, Keating S, Lanteri M, Samuels ML, Hoh R, Sacha JB, Norris PJ, Niki T, Shikuma CM, Hirashima M, Deeks SG, Ndhlovu LC, Pillai SK. Human Galectin-9 Is a Potent Mediator of HIV Transcription and Reactivation. Volume 12 of Issue 6. 2016. PMID: 27253379


  43. M. Abdel-Mohsen, L. Chavez, G.M. Chew, X. Deng, A. Danesh, S. Keating, R. Hoh, S.G. Deeks, L.C. Ndhlovu, S.K. Pillai. Human galectin-9 is a potent mediator of HIV transcription and reactivation. 2015. PMID:


  44. L. Bertoni Giron, S. Tenore, M.C. Araripe Sucupira, L.M. Janini, S. Pillai, R. Sobhie Diaz. PP 3.19 Evidence of ongoing HIV replication during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. 2015. PMID:


  45. Gibb SL, Zhao Y, Potter D, Hylin MJ, Bruhn R, Baimukanova G, Zhao J, Xue H, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Moore AN, Johnson EM, Cox CS, Dash PK, Pati S. TIMP3 Attenuates the Loss of Neural Stem Cells, Mature Neurons and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Volume 33 of Issue 12. 2015. PMID: 26299440


  46. Raposo RA, Gupta R, Abdel-Mohsen M, Dimon M, Debbaneh M, Jiang W, York VA, Leadabrand KS, Brown G, Malakouti M, Arron S, Kuebler PJ, Wu JJ, Pillai SK, Nixon DF, Liao W. Antiviral gene expression in psoriasis. Volume 29 of Issue 10. 2015. PMID: 25809693


  47. Abdel-Mohsen M, Wang C, Strain MC, Lada SM, Deng X, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Select host restriction factors are associated with HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Volume 29 of Issue 4. 2015. PMID: 25602681


  48. Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Danesh A, Liegler T, Jacobs ES, Rauch A, Ledergerber B, Norris PJ, Günthard HF, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Role of microRNA modulation in the interferon-a/ribavirin suppression of HIV-1 in vivo. Volume 9 of Issue 10. 2014. PMID: 25275557


  49. Keith E Garrison, Douglas F Nixon, Satish K Pillai, Aashish R Jha. Evolutionary History of the Proviruses HERV-K 113 and HERV-K 115. 2014. PMID:


  50. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Hecht FM, Pilcher CD, Pillai SK, Nixon DF. Dynamic regulation of host restriction factor expression over the course of HIV-1 infection in vivo. Volume 88 of Issue 19. 2014. PMID: 25031350


  51. Wang C, Abdel-Mohsen M, Strain MC, Lada SM, Yukl S, Cockerham LR, Pilcher CD, Hecht FM, Sinclair E, Liegler T, Richman DD, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Decreased HIV type 1 transcription in CCR5-?32 heterozygotes during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Volume 210 of Issue 11. 2014. PMID: 24935955


  52. Abdel-Mohsen M, Deng X, Liegler T, Guatelli JC, Salama MS, Ghanem Hel-D, Rauch A, Ledergerber B, Deeks SG, Günthard HF, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Effects of alpha interferon treatment on intrinsic anti-HIV-1 immunity in vivo. Volume 88 of Issue 1. 2013. PMID: 24155399


  53. Abdel-Mohsen M, Raposo RA, Deng X, Li M, Liegler T, Sinclair E, Salama MS, Ghanem Hel-D, Hoh R, Wong JK, David M, Nixon DF, Deeks SG, Pillai SK. Expression profile of host restriction factors in HIV-1 elite controllers. Volume 10. 2013. PMID: 24131498


  54. Zou S, Glynn S, Kuritzkes D, Shah M, Cook N, Berliner N. Hematopoietic cell transplantation and HIV cure: where we are and what next? Volume 122 of Issue 18. 2013. PMID: 24009230


  55. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Bilska M, Montefiori DC, Nixon DF, Pillai SK. Effects of cellular activation on anti-HIV-1 restriction factor expression profile in primary cells. Volume 87 of Issue 21. 2013. PMID: 23966394


  56. Raposo RA, Abdel-Mohsen M, Holditch SJ, Kuebler PJ, Cheng RG, Eriksson EM, Liao W, Pillai SK, Nixon DF. Increased expression of intrinsic antiviral genes in HLA-B*57-positive individuals. Volume 94 of Issue 5. 2013. PMID: 23929683


  57. Yukl SA, Boritz E, Busch M, Bentsen C, Chun TW, Douek D, Eisele E, Haase A, Ho YC, Hütter G, Justement JS, Keating S, Lee TH, Li P, Murray D, Palmer S, Pilcher C, Pillai S, Price RW, Rothenberger M, Schacker T, Siliciano J, Siliciano R, Sinclair E, Strain M, Wong J, Richman D, Deeks SG. Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient. Volume 9 of Issue 5. 2013. PMID: 23671416


  58. Andre Raposo, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Satish Pillai, Douglas Nixon. Host correlates distinguish low-risk and high-risk HIV-1 disease progression in HLA-B*5701 individuals (P6169). 2013. PMID:


  59. Pillai SK, Abdel-Mohsen M, Guatelli J, Skasko M, Monto A, Fujimoto K, Yukl S, Greene WC, Kovari H, Rauch A, Fellay J, Battegay M, Hirschel B, Witteck A, Bernasconi E, Ledergerber B, Günthard HF, Wong JK. Role of retroviral restriction factors in the interferon-a-mediated suppression of HIV-1 in vivo. Volume 109 of Issue 8. 2012. PMID: 22315404


  60. Jha AR, Nixon DF, Rosenberg MG, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hudson RR, Garrison KE, Pillai SK. Human endogenous retrovirus K106 (HERV-K106) was infectious after the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Volume 6 of Issue 5. 2011. PMID: 21633511


  61. Skasko M, Tokarev A, Chen CC, Fischer WB, Pillai SK, Guatelli J. BST-2 is rapidly down-regulated from the cell surface by the HIV-1 protein Vpu: evidence for a post-ER mechanism of Vpu-action. Volume 411 of Issue 1. 2011. PMID: 21237475


  62. Rempel H, Sun B, Calosing C, Pillai SK, Pulliam L. Interferon-alpha drives monocyte gene expression in chronic unsuppressed HIV-1 infection. Volume 24 of Issue 10. 2010. PMID: 20495440


  63. Wong JK, Strain MC, Porrata R, Reay E, Sankaran-Walters S, Ignacio CC, Russell T, Pillai SK, Looney DJ, Dandekar S. In vivo CD8+ T-cell suppression of siv viremia is not mediated by CTL clearance of productively infected cells. Volume 6 of Issue 1. 2010. PMID: 20126442


  64. Manosuthi W, Butler DM, Pérez-Santiago J, Poon AF, Pillai SK, Mehta SR, Pacold ME, Richman DD, Pond SK, Smith DM. Protease polymorphisms in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE represent selection by antiretroviral therapy and host immune pressure. Volume 24 of Issue 3. 2010. PMID: 20009919


  65. Jha AR, Pillai SK, York VA, Sharp ER, Storm EC, Wachter DJ, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Rosenberg MG, Nixon DF, Garrison KE. Cross-sectional dating of novel haplotypes of HERV-K 113 and HERV-K 115 indicate these proviruses originated in Africa before Homo sapiens. Volume 26 of Issue 11. 2009. PMID: 19666991


  66. Joos B, Rieder P, Fischer M, Kuster H, Rusert P, Trkola A, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Weber R, Günthard HF. Association between specific HIV-1 Env traits and virologic control in vivo. Volume 10 of Issue 3. 2009. PMID: 19524069


  67. Yukl S, Pillai S, Li P, Chang K, Pasutti W, Ahlgren C, Havlir D, Strain M, Günthard H, Richman D, Rice AP, Daar E, Little S, Wong JK. Latently-infected CD4+ T cells are enriched for HIV-1 Tat variants with impaired transactivation activity. Volume 387 of Issue 1. 2009. PMID: 19268337


  68. Smith DM, Zárate S, Shao H, Pillai SK, Letendre SL, Wong JK, Richman DD, Frost SD, Ellis RJ. Pleocytosis is associated with disruption of HIV compartmentalization between blood and cerebral spinal fluid viral populations. Volume 385 of Issue 1. 2008. PMID: 19100592


  69. Joos B, Fischer M, Kuster H, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Böni J, Hirschel B, Weber R, Trkola A, Günthard HF. HIV rebounds from latently infected cells, rather than from continuing low-level replication. Volume 105 of Issue 43. 2008. PMID: 18936487


  70. Kosakovsky Pond SL, Poon AF, Zárate S, Smith DM, Little SJ, Pillai SK, Ellis RJ, Wong JK, Leigh Brown AJ, Richman DD, Frost SD. Estimating selection pressures on HIV-1 using phylogenetic likelihood models. Volume 27 of Issue 23. 2008. PMID: 18381707


  71. Pilcher CD, Wong JK, Pillai SK. Inferring HIV transmission dynamics from phylogenetic sequence relationships. Volume 5 of Issue 3. 2008. PMID: 18351799


  73. Low AJ, Dong W, Chan D, Sing T, Swanstrom R, Jensen M, Pillai S, Good B, Harrigan PR. Current V3 genotyping algorithms are inadequate for predicting X4 co-receptor usage in clinical isolates. Volume 21 of Issue 14. 2007. PMID: 17721088


  74. Willberg CB, Pillai SK, Sharp ER, Rosenberg MG, Agudelo JD, Barbour JD, Nixon DF. Rational peptide selection to detect human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses under resource-limited conditions. Volume 14 of Issue 6. 2007. PMID: 17409221


  75. Noviello CM, Pond SL, Lewis MJ, Richman DD, Pillai SK, Yang OO, Little SJ, Smith DM, Guatelli JC. Maintenance of Nef-mediated modulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and CD4 after sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Volume 81 of Issue 9. 2007. PMID: 17329339


  76. Smith DM, Strain MC, Frost SD, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Wrin T, Liu Y, Petropolous CJ, Daar ES, Little SJ, Richman DD. Lack of neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 predisposes to superinfection. Volume 355 of Issue 1. 2006. PMID: 16962152


  77. Pillai SK, Pond SL, Liu Y, Good BM, Strain MC, Ellis RJ, Letendre S, Smith DM, Günthard HF, Grant I, Marcotte TD, McCutchan JA, Richman DD, Wong JK. Genetic attributes of cerebrospinal fluid-derived HIV-1 env. Volume 129 of Issue Pt 7. 2006. PMID: 16735456


  78. Coleman SH, Madrid R, Van Damme N, Mitchell RS, Bouchet J, Servant C, Pillai S, Benichou S, Guatelli JC. Modulation of cellular protein trafficking by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef: role of the acidic residue in the ExxxLL motif. Volume 80 of Issue 4. 2006. PMID: 16439540


  79. Pillai SK, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Woelk CH, Richman DD, Smith DM. Codon volatility does not reflect selective pressure on the HIV-1 genome. Volume 336 of Issue 2. 2005. PMID: 15892955


  80. Strain MC, Letendre S, Pillai SK, Russell T, Ignacio CC, Günthard HF, Good B, Smith DM, Wolinsky SM, Furtado M, Marquie-Beck J, Durelle J, Grant I, Richman DD, Marcotte T, McCutchan JA, Ellis RJ, Wong JK. Genetic composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and blood without treatment and during failing antiretroviral therapy. Volume 79 of Issue 3. 2005. PMID: 15650202


  81. Pillai SK, Good B, Pond SK, Wong JK, Strain MC, Richman DD, Smith DM. Semen-specific genetic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env. Volume 79 of Issue 3. 2005. PMID: 15650198


  82. Yu Q, König R, Pillai S, Chiles K, Kearney M, Palmer S, Richman D, Coffin JM, Landau NR. Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome. Volume 11 of Issue 5. 2004. PMID: 15098018


  83. Kunstman KJ, Puffer B, Korber BT, Kuiken C, Smith UR, Kunstman J, Stanton J, Agy M, Shibata R, Yoder AD, Pillai S, Doms RW, Marx P, Wolinsky SM. Structure and function of CC-chemokine receptor 5 homologues derived from representative primate species and subspecies of the taxonomic suborders Prosimii and Anthropoidea. Volume 77 of Issue 22. 2003. PMID: 14581567


  84. Ali A, Pillai S, Ng H, Lubong R, Richman DD, Jamieson BD, Ding Y, McElrath MJ, Guatelli JC, Yang OO. Broadly increased sensitivity to cytotoxic T lymphocytes resulting from Nef epitope escape mutations. Volume 171 of Issue 8. 2003. PMID: 14530319


  85. Satish Pillai, Benjamin Good, Douglas Richman, Jacques Corbeil. Sequence Note: A New Perspective on V3 Phenotype Prediction. 2003. PMID:


  86. Pillai S, Good B, Richman D, Corbeil J. A new perspective on V3 phenotype prediction. Volume 19 of Issue 2. 2003. PMID: 12643277


  87. Kalish ML, Korber BT, Pillai S, Robbins KE, Leo YS, Saekhou A, Verghese I, Gerrish P, Goh CL, Lupo D, Tan BH, Brown TM, Chan R. The sequential introduction of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01AE in Singapore by sexual transmission: accelerated V3 region evolution in a subpopulation of Asian CRF01 viruses. Volume 304 of Issue 2. 2002. PMID: 12504572


  88. Joseph L. Spencer, Satish Pillai, Elizabeth A. Bernays. Synergism in the Oviposition Behavior of Plutella xylostella: Sinigrin and Wax Compounds. 1999. PMID: